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Citing Chicago Style
Historians, unlike scholars in the humanities who use the Modern Language Association (MLA) style guides, utilize the Chicago Manual of Style as their guide for citations, formatting, punctuation, and other questions of written style.
Below I have listed some of the differences between MLA and Chicago styles:
MLA Format Chicago Format
1. Parenthetical citation 1. Footnotes or endnotes
2. Prefers underlining 2. Prefers italics
3. Often no title page 3. Title page
4. Entire works cited double spaced 4. Works cited single spaced
Unless your professor allows for other styles of notation, it is safe to assume that historical papers should utilize the Chicago style while at the university. A good resource if you are going to take numerous history courses is Kate Turabian's A Manual for Writers of Term Papers, Theses, and Dissertations (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996).
If you need some quick references, I will put some of the most common forms of citations (both footnote/endnote and bibliography entries) below.
Footnotes/Endnotes
Book (1 author):
Joe Jones, Slipping and Falling: The Role of Banana Peels in American Comedic History ( New York : Stooge Press, 2005), 45.
Book (2 authors):
Sally Maer and Robert Pokey, Coffee and the Salvation of Graduate Education (Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1985), 23.
(With more than three authors, it might be possible to name only the first author “et al” – Sally Maer, et al, Coffee…. )
Book (edited collection):
William Edison, ed., Let There Be Light: The Age of Electricity and the Illumination of Dark Corners (Menlo Park: EELC, 1978), 25.
Book (edition other than the first):
Andrew F. Rolle, California : A History, 5th ed. (Wheeling, IL: Harlan Davidson, 1998), 243.
Journal article:
Bea Portinari, “Condemnation and Redemption: Medieval Conceptions of Hell and Purgatory,” Florentine Theology 12, no. 90 (May 1965): 12.
(After the title comes first the volume number, then, if present, the issue number.)
Chapter or Section within a Work:
John Doe, “Constructing Identity in National Hospitals and Police Stations in the 1920s,” in Identity and Nationalism, ed. Jane Smith (Nowhere: University of Nothingsville , 2000), 135.
Newspaper article:
Frieda Frier, "Frying up Fries in French Fryers," French Cuisine Daily, February 4, 2001, sec. A.
(Section letters or numbers are sufficient for newspapers; page numbers are not necessary.)
Government Document:
U.S. Department of State, Foreign Relations of the United States : Diplomatic Papers,1943 (Washington, DC: GPO, 1965), 562.
World Wide Web sites:
To document a file available for viewing and downloading via the World Wide Web, provide the following information:
- Author's name
- Title of document, in quotation marks
- Title of complete work (if relevant), in italics or underlined
- Date of publication or last revisionD
- URL, in angle brackets
- Date of access, in parentheses
E.g.:
Gail Mortimer, The William Faulkner Society Home Page , 16 September 1999, < http://www.utep.edu/mortimer/faulkner/main faulkner.htm > (19 November 1997).
Jason Crawford Teague, "Frames in Action," Kairos: A Journal for Teachers of Writing in Webbed Environments 2, no. 1, August 20, 1998. < http://english .ttu.edu/kairos/2.1 > (7 October 1999).
Bibliography
Book (1 author):
Jones, Joe. Slipping and Falling: The Role of Banana Peels in American Comedic History. New
York : Stooge Press, 2005.
Book (2 authors):
Maer, Sally, and Robert Pokey. Coffee and the Salvation of Graduate Education. Tucson :
University of Arizona Press, 1985.
Book (edited collection):
Edison, William ed. Let There Be Light: The Age of Electricity and the Illumination of Dark
Corners. Menlo Park : EELC, 1978.
Book (edition other than the first):
Rolle, Andrew F. California: A History. 5th ed. Wheeling , IL : Harlan Davidson, 1998.
Journal article:
Portinari, Bea. “Condemnation and Redemption: Medieval Conceptions of Hell and Purgatory.”
Florentine Theology 12, no. 90 (May 1965): 2-18.
Chapter or Section within a Work:
Doe, John. “Constructing Identity in National Hospitals and Police Stations in the 1920s.” In
Identity and Nationalism . edited by Jane Smith, 115-157. Nowhere: University of Nothingsville , 2000.
Newspaper article:
Frier, Frieda. "Frying up Fries in French Fryers." French Cuisine Daily, February 4, 2001, sec. A.
Government Document
U.S. Department of State. Foreign Relations of the United States : Diplomatic Papers,1943.
Washington , DC : GPO, 1965.
World Wide Web sites:
Teague, Jason Crawford. "Frames in Action." Kairos: A Journal for Teachers of Writing in Webbed Environments 2, no. 1, August 20,1998. http://english.ttu.edu/kairos/2.1 (7 October 1999).
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